The 2025 Atlantic hurricane season, which ended on November 30, was marked by sharp contrasts, swinging between quiet spells and bursts of intense activity that produced some of the strongest storms on record.

The National Hurricane Center (NHC) confirmed that the season generated 13 named storms, five hurricanes and four major hurricanes. While these figures fell within NOAA’s seasonal outlook, the year was notable for producing three Category 5 hurricanes — the second-highest number ever recorded in a single season.

For the first time in a decade, no hurricane made landfall in the United States. Neil Jacobs, NOAA administrator, said this was “a much needed break,” though he noted that Tropical Storm Chantal caused flooding in North Carolina and distant hurricanes created damaging surf along the East Coast. Caribbean nations, however, experienced direct hits, including Jamaica, which was struck by Hurricane Melissa in late October.

Melissa became one of the strongest Atlantic landfalls on record, devastating Jamaica, Hispaniola and eastern Cuba. The NHC’s forecasts for Melissa were praised for their accuracy, with track predictions within 13 miles and nearly three days’ advance warning of Category 5 intensity.

Hurricane Erin also reached Category 5 strength, undergoing rapid intensification with one of the fastest 24-hour increases in wind speed ever recorded. Humberto became the second Category 5 storm of the season, while Imelda rounded out September’s activity.

The season was also the first in which the NHC incorporated artificial intelligence into its forecasting models. Officials said the technology helped improve predictions of rapid intensification, a critical factor in protecting lives and property.

In the Eastern Pacific, activity was near normal, with 18 named storms, nine hurricanes and three major hurricanes. The Central Pacific saw two named storms, including Hurricane Iona, which intensified well south of Hawaii.

NOAA highlighted its expanded research and response efforts, including 417 mission hours flown by Hurricane Hunter aircraft, 52 research missions, and the first successful deployment of an uncrewed surface vehicle inside a Category 5 hurricane. Thousands of aerial images were also captured to support humanitarian response in Jamaica after Hurricane Melissa.

Ken Graham, director of the National Weather Service, said the season underscored the dedication of forecasters and researchers. “Throughout the hurricane season, and all year long, the National Weather Service works around the clock to save lives and protect property,” he said.