Bird Extinctions Could Triple in Next Century

A major new study from the University of Reading reveals that more than 500 bird species worldwide could face extinction within the next 100 years due to climate change, habitat loss, and other human impacts.

The figure is three times higher than all bird extinctions recorded since 1500 CE.

Published today in Nature Ecology & Evolution, the research highlights the urgent threat to vulnerable birds such as the bare-necked umbrellabird and helmeted hornbill—species vital to maintaining healthy ecosystems through their unique roles.

Lead author Kerry Stewart explains that even if humans completely stopped harmful activities like habitat destruction and hunting, about 250 bird species would still be at risk. “Reducing human impacts alone won’t be enough,” Stewart says. “We need targeted recovery efforts such as breeding programmes and habitat restoration to help these species survive.”

The study also finds that larger birds are especially vulnerable to hunting and climate change, while species with broad wings are more affected by habitat loss.

Professor Manuela Gonzalez-Suarez, senior author of the research, stresses that protecting habitats is critical but not sufficient on its own. “About 250 to 350 species will require additional conservation measures. Focusing on 100 of the most unique threatened birds could preserve nearly 70% of the diversity in bird shapes and sizes, helping to maintain ecosystem health.”